ONLINE DEGREE PROGRAMS
Distance learning degrees are available through traditional two-year community colleges, four-year universities and private online schools. There is a wide variety of fully-online programs, although some schools utilize a hybrid format which combines online and campus-based classes. Hybrid learning is more common for majors that require hands-on training, such as engineering or allied health fields.
Class formats for online degrees vary, and it’s important for students to enroll in a class format that fits their schedule. The more traditionally scheduled class assigns and requires students to complete regular assignments and tests by certain dates throughout the semester. A self-paced course allows students to work at whatever pace they may wish, for as long as necessary to complete the course. Many classes fall somewhere in between these two formats and require students to have all work submitted by a particular date at the end of the semester.
LEARNING METHODS
Because online degrees are not set in a physical classroom, students are required to show some sort of participation, either by posting a certain number of times on the class discussion boards or by completing assignments with other students. In hybrid classes, this requirement is usually waived, as students must show up for a physical class on certain days throughout the semester. In continuing education programs or degree programs for working adults, this participation requirement may be less stringent.
Most online classes are presented via a website that integrates forums, an instant messenger, e-mail and streaming audio and video. Programs also offer testing and real-time assignment review capabilities to create an online classroom environment for students. This ‘virtual classroom’ allows students to interact with each other and communicate with their teachers, along with viewing class calendars or informational posts. Teachers have the option of posting lectures and assignments as video, audio or text files.
THINGS TO CONSIDER
Online degree programs are a popular option nowadays because they give students — especially busy adults — flexibility in when and where they complete coursework. That said, prospective distance learners should make sure they are prepared to take on independent learning. While instructors often provide feedback and have set due dates for work, students must be motivated to complete readings and projects without the benefit of in-person assistance. A basic level of proficiency in using the Internet and computer applications is necessary, as are solid reading and writing skills.
TECH REQUIREMENTS
Schools with online programs usually have specific tech requirements regarding what kind of computers, Internet connections and software distance learners must have. In some cases, instructors use web conferencing to interact with classes at set times, so a web cam and microphone may be required.
In addition, certain programs could require students to purchase equipment and supplies that traditional students have access to on campus. For example, online graphic design programs might require participants to have their own cameras, editing software, color printers and scanners. Some schools do have affiliations with corporations to help online students get needed software at a discount.
By now, online learning opportunities are almost expected at colleges and universities around the country. For students interested in earning a degree, there are many undergraduate and graduate options available. Explore more on these online degree types and learning methods.
OVERVIEW OF ONLINE DEGREE PROGRAMS
Online degree programs are available from community colleges, career schools and four-year universities as well as private institutions that don’t have a brick-and-mortar campus. Such distance learning options are often designed for working adults or those with obligations that make keeping to a strict on-campus schedule a challenge. Many areas of study are available through online programs, such as business, teacher education, history, English, computer science, accounting and the arts. Some fields, however, can’t be offered fully online. In these cases, schools may offer hybrid degree options that combine distance learning and campus-based instruction.
ONLINE LEARNING & DEGREE OPTIONS
Each program has its own instructional methods, but in general most online classes are carried out in a similar way. Schools use course management software to create a virtual classroom setting that distance learners can typically access around the clock. These sites contain lectures, tests, assignments and other materials that support independent learning. Instructors may use a variety of communication strategies to maintain interaction with and between classmates, including message boards, chat rooms, e-mail and web conferencing. Formal degree programs offered online usually have set due dates for coursework and class discussions.
ASSOCIATE DEGREES
Generally, an associate’s degree takes take less time to earn than a bachelor’s degree because there are fewer required units. However, the coursework is similar to bachelor’s courses, requiring general education, electives and major work. Depending on the program, graduates may be awarded an Associate in Arts, Associate of Science or an Associate of Applied Science. Some two-year degrees prepare students to join the workforce while others are used for preparation for further study at the bachelor’s level.
BACHELOR’S DEGREES
Like on-campus programs, online bachelor’s-level programs typically lead to a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science. Those who receive the former are in liberal arts and fine arts while those in physical science, life science, math, agriculture, and engineering would receive a Bachelor of Science degree. Some schools also offer Bachelor of Business Administration options. Some students may also attend a specialized school to receive a bachelor’s degree.
MASTER’S DEGREES
Online graduate programs commonly award a Master of Arts or Master of Science and are available from four-year institutions as well as some private distance education schools. These programs are open to students who already have a bachelor’s degree and are seeking advanced knowledge and skills in a particular field. In some cases, applicants to online master’s degree programs are required to have work experience relevant to their chosen course of study. The programs usually take around two years to complete and combine core courses with elective options from a pre-approved selection of classes.
DOCTORATE DEGREE
Most doctoral degree students pursue education at this level after receiving master’s degrees and obtaining a certain amount of professional experience in their field. The curriculum in these programs typically includes a set of required courses and possibly the option to complete some electives; there’s also a heavy emphasis on research methods. The focal point of most doctoral programs — both online and on-campus — is the dissertation, which is a significant, intensive research undertaking that must be defended before a faculty committee.
These programs usually award a Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor of Education or Doctor of Business Administration degree and take three to seven years to complete. Keep in mind that doctoral degrees are rarely offered totally online due to the intensive nature of the study and the on-site demands of research. There are traditional and online colleges, however, that now offer hybrid doctorate programs. These allow distance learners to complete certain courses online and then visit campus at various points through the program to take care of in-person requirements.
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